has been using ICD-9-CM since 1979, and it is not sufficiently robust to serve the health care needs of the future. The periodic revisions of ICD-9-CM mirror changes in the medical and health care field. Public health is largely a secondary user of coded data. A secondary user of ICD-9-CM codes is someone who uses already coded data from hospitals, health care providers, or health plans to conduct surveillance and/or research activities.ICD-9-CM codes are used for a variety of purposes, including statistics and for billing and claims reimbursement. A primary user of ICD codes includes health care personnel, such as physicians and nurses, as well as medical coders, who assign ICD-9-CM codes to verbatim or abstracted diagnosis or procedure information, and thus are originators of the ICD codes.A few programs abstract information from patient medical records and assign codes, and one CDC program uses ICD-9-CM codes for claims reimbursement. CDC programs use ICD-9-CM codes to conduct surveillance (e.g., chronic disease and injury surveillance, health care utilization, health care-associated adverse events), for case findings lists to identify cases of reportable cancers and certain birth defects and disabilities, and to provide public use data files for public analysis. public health officials at the federal, state, and local level rely on the receipt of ICD-9-CM coded data from HIPAA-covered entities to conduct many disease-related activities. ICD-9-CM codes are currently the cornerstone of classifying diseases, injuries, health encounters and inpatient procedures in morbidity settings. How are non-HIPAA and public health entities affected? ICD-10-CM replaces ICD-9-CM, volumes 1 and 2, and ICD-10-PCS replaces ICD-9-CM, volume 3. developed a Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) for medical diagnoses based on WHO’s ICD-10 and CMS developed a new Procedure Coding System (ICD-10-PCS) for inpatient procedures. World Health Organization (WHO) authorized the publication of the International Classification of Diseases External 10th Revision (ICD-10), which was implemented for mortality coding and classification from death certificates in the U.S. The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has mandated that all entities covered by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act External (HIPAA) must all transition to a new set of codes for electronic health care transactions on October 1, 2015.

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